TITLE: Effect of Lavender Aromatherapy On Arteriovenous Fistula Puncture Pain and the Level of State and Trait Anxiety in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing haemodialysis suffer from anxiety and pain due to the insertion of haemodialysis needles, estimated totally 320 times per year.
AIMS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in order to determine the effect of lavender aromatherapy, performed through inhalation for five minutes three times a week, on pain and anxiety experienced by patients undergoing haemodialysis after needle insertion into a fistula.
DESIGN: Patient information form, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were applied to patients in the intervention group at the first follow up (the first interview before aromatherapy administration).
SETTINGS: The researcher completed the data collection forms by conducting face-to-face interview with the patients and applied lavender oil to all the patients in the intervention group at the last hour of every dialysis session.
PARTICIPANTS/SUBJECTS: Totally three sessions were carried out as three times for one week in accordance with protocol of aromatherapy inhalation.
METHODS: It took 5 minutes to complete each session. Olive oil was applied to the placebo group since it has no therapeutic value. At the end of the application, NRS and STAI were applied to the patients again.
RESULTS: The use of lavander aromatherapy significantly reduced the scores of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) puncture-related pain, which was 6.24±1.24 in the first session, to 3.56±1.28 in the second session (p=0.002). It was found that scores of STAI obtained at the first follow-up) were higher in the intervention group than the placebo group but the difference between them was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The STAI mean scores of the patients in the intervention group after aromatherapy were 39.12±6.71 in the state anxiety subscale and 30.04±1.39 in the trait anxiety subscale. All subscale scores of STAI decreased significantly in the intervention group in the second follow-up compared to the first follow-up (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Lavender inhalation could be used as a safe, simple, and low-cost method in nursing care if it is proved to be effective in reducing anxiety and relieving pain after needle insertion into a fistula in patients undergoing haemodialysis.
SOURCE: Şahin S, Tokgöz B, Demir G. Effect of Lavender Aromatherapy On Arteriovenous Fistula Puncture Pain and the Level of State and Trait Anxiety in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain Manag Nurs. 2021 .
背景：进行血液透析的患者由于插入血液透析针而遭受焦虑和痛苦，估计每年总共进行320次。
目的：这项随机对照试验为了确定薰衣草香薰疗法（每周三次通过吸入五分钟进行）对将针头插入瘘管后进行血液透析的患者所遭受的疼痛和焦虑的影响。
设计：患者的信息表，数字评分量表（NRS）和状态特质焦虑量表（STAI）在首次随访时（在进行芳香疗法前的第一次访谈中）应用于干预组的患者。
地点：研究人员通过与患者进行面对面访谈来完成数据收集表格，并在每次透析的最后一小时向干预组中的所有患者涂抹薰衣草油。
参与者/ 受试者：按照芳香疗法吸入方案，总共进行了三个疗程，共三次，为期一周。
方法：花5分钟完成每个疗程。橄榄油被用于安慰剂组，因为它没有治疗价值。在应用结束时，再次将NRS和STAI应用于患者。
结果：使用薰衣草香薰疗法可显着降低动静脉瘘（AVF）穿刺相关的疼痛评分，第一部分为6.24±1.24，第二部分为3.56±1.28（p = 0.002）。结果发现，干预组在首次随访时获得的STAI得分高于安慰剂组，但两者之间的差异无统计学意义（p> 0.05）。芳香疗法后干预组患者在状态焦虑量表中STAI平均分为39.12±6.71，在特征焦虑量表中为30.04±1.39。与第一次随访相比，干预组在第二次随访中所有STAI的所有量表得分均显着降低（p <0.05）。
结论：当事实证明薰衣草吸入可有效减少血液透析患者的针头插入瘘管后焦虑和减轻疼痛，则其可作为一种安全，简单且低成本的护理方法。
启发：内瘘穿刺疼痛控制也是非常重要，透析舒适度也是透析效果的评价内容之一。
